Nau'in Gurbacewar iska

Bacteria da ƙura

Matukar akwai danshi da kwayoyin halitta, yana da matukar sauki ga kwayoyin cuta, Virus, Molds da sauran kananan halittu su yadu, kamar a saman gilashi, cikin kayan aikin gida, cikin tsagewar bango, kan katako, har ma da matosai. na premium man fetur cartridges na jet jiragen sama.Kura, a daya bangaren kuma, suna son zama damshi da dumi kuma suna girma a kan kura, katifa, matashin kai, sofas da kujeru, tufafi, abinci, da sauransu. Dukansu raye-raye da matattu, har ma da narkakkar fata ko najasarsu, antigenic ne. kuma yana iya haifar da asma ko amya.

Formaldehyde

Tsarin sinadaran CH2O, sunan Ingilishi Formalin, iskar gas mai tsananin kamshi, gaseous a dakin da zafin jiki, yawan guba, sanannen tushen karkatar da guba, wanda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta gano a matsayin nau'in carcinogen na I (watau carcinogenic ga mutane da dabbobi), kuma mai yuwuwar mutagen mai ƙarfi ne, a cikin jerin fifikon kula da sinadarai masu guba na China a matsayi na biyu (na farko shine dioxin).Duk da haka, yawan amfani da formaldehyde a cikin masana'antu ya sa ya zama babban gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu da ke shafar lafiyar ɗan adam a cikin gida, musamman a cikin iska.Formaldehyde ya fito ne daga kayan ado na ciki da kayan ado.Katako na mutum-mutumi kamar adhesives, plywood, joinery, MDF da kuma barbashi allo amfani da ciki ado.Binciken da Jami'ar Yokohama ta Japan ta yi ya nuna cewa lokacin sakin formaldehyde a cikin fatun da mutum ya yi gabaɗaya shekaru 3-15 ne.Bugu da ƙari, fuskar bangon waya, kafet ɗin fiber na sinadarai, fale-falen fale-falen filastik, kumfa, fenti, lacquers da thinners suma suna ɗauke da adadin formaldehyde.

PM2.5

PM2.5 ba 2.5 pm ba, shine taƙaitaccen abu na Particulate, yana nufin iska ƙasa da ko daidai da 2.5 microns a diamita barbashi (1 mm = 1000 microns), shi PM2.5 barbashi samun hankali saboda suna da ƙananan isa. kai tsaye shiga cikin huhu har ma da jini, kuma saboda suna iya zama masu ɗaukar ƙwayoyin cuta na ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, don haka suna iya yin mummunar illa.

Benzene

Ana samun benzene da yawa a cikin abubuwan da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan gini daban-daban, kamar abubuwan da ake ƙarawa ga fenti da fenti, masu bakin ciki, da wasu kayan hana ruwa.Ƙananan kayan daki na iya sakin VOCs kamar benzene.Fuskar bangon waya, fata na bene, plywood da fenti suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan tushen ƙamshi na gurɓataccen mahalli na hydrocarbon a cikin iska na cikin gida.Numfashi mai yawa na tururin benzene a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci na iya haifar da mummunar guba na benzene tare da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya a matsayin babban dalilin, tare da dizziness, ciwon kai, tashin zuciya, ƙirjin ƙirji, rauni, da rashin fahimta a lokuta masu laushi: a lokuta masu tsanani. , coma ko ma numfashi da gazawar jini da mutuwa.Tsawon lokaci mai tsawo ga ƙananan ƙwayoyin benzene na iya haifar da guba na yau da kullum, dizziness, rashin barci, damuwa na tunanin mutum, asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sauran cututtuka na jijiya, amma kuma ya bayyana a matsayin fata, ido da babba na numfashi na numfashi, platelet, raguwar farin jini, lokuta masu tsanani. zai iya sa kasusuwan kasusuwa na hematopoietic tabarbarewa, aikin haihuwa kuma yana da wani tasiri.Benzene babban ciwon daji ne.

Radon cikin gida

A cikin rahoton kwamitin kimiya na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan illolin Atomic Radiation Effects a shekarar 1982, an yi nuni da cewa kayayyakin gine-gine sune mafi mahimmancin tushen radon cikin gida.Irin su granite, yashi bulo, siminti da gypsum, musamman dutsen halitta wanda ke dauke da abubuwan rediyo, suna da sauƙin sakin radon.Daban-daban nau'ikan dutse suna da tasirin rediyo daban-daban saboda asalinsu, tsarin yanayin ƙasa da shekarun tsarawa.Hukumar Kula da inganci da fasaha ta jihar ta gudanar da sa ido da kuma duba samfurin a kan duwatsun halitta a kasuwa.Hukumar Bincike Kan Kansa ta Duniya ta tabbatar da Radon a matsayin kwayar cutar kansar ɗan adam.Daga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji na huhu, an jera radon a matsayin abu na biyu bayan shan taba.Radiyoyin lantarki na iya shafar jijiyoyi na mutum, haifuwa, bugun jini, tsarin rigakafi da idanu.Har ila yau, dutsen halitta yana da takamaiman aikin rediyo, aikin rediyon shi ne galibi kayan aikin rediyo da aka samar ta hanyar radium, thorium da potassium abubuwa uku na rediyoaktif a cikin ruɓe, illolinsa suna cikin vivo radiation da in vitro radiation.

Rashin ƙarfi

Total maras tabbas Organic mahadi (TVOC) a cikin gida yafi zo daga fenti, ruwa na tushen fenti, adhesives, kayan shafawa, detergents, wucin gadi allon, fuskar bangon waya, kafet, da dai sauransu TVOCs an samu a cikin dubban nau'in, kasu kashi takwas Categories: alkanes, aromatics. , alkenes, haloalkenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones da sauransu.

Asbestos

Asbestos kanta ba mai guba bane, babban cutarwarsa yana fitowa ne daga fiber ta.Wannan karami ne, kusan ba za a iya gani da zaren ido tsirara.Lokacin da waɗannan ƙananan zaruruwa suke shaka, suna iya haɗawa kuma su adana cikin huhu, suna haifar da cututtukan huhu kamar asbestosis da ciwace-ciwacen interdermal na pleura da peritoneum;wadannan cututtukan huhu sau da yawa suna da dogon lokacin latent.Saboda haka, an gano asbestos a matsayin kwayar cutar daji ta Hukumar Bincike kan Ciwon daji ta Duniya.

Ammonia

Ammoniya galibi yana fitowa ne daga simintin da ake amfani da shi wajen ginin gini: musamman a lokacin aikin hunturu, daskarewar simintin da urea da ammonia yayin da ake ƙara manyan abubuwan da ake haɗawa a bangon simintin.Wadannan admixtures dauke da abubuwa masu yawa na ammonia an rage su zuwa ammonia a cikin ganuwar tare da canje-canje a yanayin zafi da zafi da sauran abubuwan muhalli kuma a hankali an saki su daga bangon, suna haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin ƙwayar ammonia a cikin iska na cikin gida.Bugu da ƙari, ammonia a cikin iska na cikin gida kuma na iya zuwa daga abubuwan da ake ƙarawa da kuma masu ba da fata a cikin kayan ado na ciki.Duk da haka, lokacin sakin wannan gurɓataccen abu yana da sauri, kuma ba ya taru a cikin iska na dogon lokaci da yawa, wanda ba shi da lahani ga mutane.Ammoniya iskar gas ce mara launi tare da kamshi mai ban haushi.Wani abu ne na alkaline wanda ke lalata da kuma fusatar da kyallen da ya hadu da su.Ammoniya na iya sha ruwa daga kyallen takarda, furotin nama, da saponify kitsen nama, lalata tsarin sel, da raunana juriyar jiki ga cututtuka.Tsawaita bayyanar da ƙarancin ammonia na iya haifar da ƙarar maƙogwaro da murya a cikin mafi sauƙi, da kuma kumburin laryngeal, spasm na laryngeal, har ma da damuwa na numfashi, edema na huhu, coma da girgiza a cikin lokuta masu nauyi.Bugu da ƙari ga sakamako mai lalacewa lokacin da maida hankali ya yi yawa, yana iya haifar da kamawar zuciya da kama numfashi ta hanyar reflex mataki na ƙarshen jijiya na trigeminal.

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